Pescare con coscienza: la pesca sostenibile e il futuro del salmone selvaggio.

Pescare con coscienza: la pesca sostenibile e il futuro del salmone selvaggio.
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È impossibile negare che il mare sia fonte di meraviglie e risorse incommensurabili. Tra queste, il salmone selvaggio occupa un posto di rilievo, sia per il suo sapore unico e la sua versatilità in cucina, sia per il suo ruolo fondamentale nell’ecosistema marino. Tuttavia, la pesca indiscriminata e la mancanza di strategie sostenibili rappresentano una minaccia costante per la sua sopravvivenza. In questo articolo, esploreremo l’importanza della pesca sostenibile e l’impegno di COAM per un futuro più verde.

Che cosa è la pesca sostenibile

Iniziamo con una chiara definizione di che cosa intendiamo con “pesca sostenibile”. Quando parliamo di pesca sostenibile, ci riferiamo a pratiche di pesca che rispettano l’ambiente e le specie marine, senza sfruttare eccessivamente le risorse. La pesca sostenibile tiene conto dei cicli di vita e di crescita dei pesci, ma anche dell’ecosistema marino nel suo complesso. La pesca all’amo, per esempio, è un metodo di pesca sostenibile perché evita il dannoso impatto delle reti a strascico sui fondali marini.

Le conseguenze della pesca non sostenibile

La pesca non sostenibile ha effetti devastanti sugli ecosistemi marini. Secondo il WWF, il 34% degli stock ittici globali è sfruttato oltre il livello di sostenibilità, mentre il 60% è sfruttato al massimo delle sue capacità. Nel Mediterraneo, la situazione è ancora più grave, con il 75% degli stock soggetti a sovrasfruttamento. Questa situazione critica è aggravata da pratiche di pesca non sostenibili, tra cui la pesca illegale, non dichiarata e non regolamentata, la distruzione di habitat critici e la cattura accidentale di specie minacciate e di esemplari giovani di specie bersaglio – cioè quei pesci o altri organismi marini che sono intenzionalmente cercate e catturate dai pescatori. 

La pesca illegale: una minaccia globale

La pesca illegale è un fenomeno particolarmente preoccupante. Si stima che ogni anno vengano pescate illegalmente tra 11 e 26 milioni di tonnellate di pesce in tutto il mondo, con perdite annuali totali tra i 10 e i 23,5 miliardi di dollari. Questa pratica non solo danneggia gli stock ittici, ma mette a rischio anche le comunità che dipendono dalla pesca per il loro sostentamento.

Il salmone selvaggio e la pesca sostenibile: un equilibrio fragile

Il salmone è una delle specie ittiche più apprezzate al mondo, famoso per le sue carni ricche di sapore e le sue molteplici proprietà nutrizionali. Ma il salmone pescato allo stato libero è anche una specie particolarmente vulnerabile ai cambiamenti ambientali e alle pressioni della pesca intensiva.

La pesca sostenibile è fondamentale per garantire la sopravvivenza di questa specie. Questo implica il rispetto di alcune regole chiave, come l’osservanza delle quote limite di pesca – cioè la quantità massima fissata dagli organi preposti –, l’adozione di metodi di cattura selettivi che non danneggino i fondali marini o le altre specie, ed evitare la pesca durante i periodi di riproduzione.

Una pesca sostenibile del salmone significa anche rispettare il suo delicato ciclo vitale. Questo pesce, infatti, nasce nei fiumi, migrando poi in mare per crescere e maturare, per ritornare infine al fiume per riprodursi. Interruzioni o alterazioni di questo ciclo, ad esempio a causa della pesca eccessiva o della distruzione degli habitat fluviali, possono avere conseguenze disastrose sulla popolazione di salmoni.

Inoltre, la pesca sostenibile del salmone non riguarda solo la salvaguardia della specie, ma anche la protezione dell’intero ecosistema marino. I salmoni, infatti, sono una specie chiave nel loro ecosistema, e la loro diminuzione può avere ripercussioni su molte altre specie, compresi gli orsi e le aquile che si nutrono di essi.

Un esempio virtuoso: COAM 

Le parole sostenibilità e rispetto non sono mere etichette per aziende come COAM. Queste realtà si impegnano attivamente per un futuro più rispettoso dell’ambiente e delle risorse marine, attraverso una serie di interventi concreti.

A partire dalla scelta delle materie prime, utilizzando esclusivamente pescato proveniente da pesca sostenibile, COAM con Scandia s’impegna a minimizzare l’impatto della sua attività sull’ambiente; inoltre adotta pratiche di produzione e confezionamento attente all’ambiente, limitando l’uso di materiali plastici e cartacei.

Ma non si ferma qui: l’attenzione all’ambiente permea anche il ciclo produttivo. Un esempio lampante è l’implementazione di un impianto per la produzione di energia elettrica da fonte rinnovabile (fotovoltaico), che consente di alimentare le unità produttive in modo autonomo e di limitare le emissioni in atmosfera.

Tutto questo non è solo un modo per investire in un futuro sostenibile, ma anche per promuovere un modello di consumo più responsabile e rispettoso del nostro pianeta.

Il futuro è nelle nostre mani

La pesca sostenibile non è solo una questione di tutela dell’ambiente, ma rappresenta un investimento sul futuro del nostro pianeta e delle prossime generazioni. Le risorse marine sono un patrimonio di inestimabile valore che non possiamo permetterci di dissipare.

Rispettare i limiti di pesca, evitare le tecniche dannose, contrastare la pesca illegale sono tutti passi necessari per invertire la tendenza e garantire un futuro alle specie marine. Aziende come COAM ci mostrano che è possibile conciliare l’attività economica con la tutela dell’ambiente, e il loro esempio dovrebbe guidare il settore ittico verso un futuro più sostenibile.

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